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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) - Burma (2001)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) z Burma (2001)

 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)Burma (2001)
 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Burma
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) 7 divisions* (yin-mya, singular - yin) and 7 states (pyine-mya, singular - pyine); Chin State, Ayeyarwady*, Bago*, Kachin State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Magway*, Mandalay*, Mon State, Rakhine State, Sagaing*, Shan State, Tanintharyi*, Yangon*
Age structure 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
0-14 years:
29.14% (male 6,245,798; female 5,992,074)

15-64 years:
66.08% (male 13,779,571; female 13,970,707)

65 years and over:
4.78% (male 895,554; female 1,110,974) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products paddy rice, corn, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses; hardwood
Airports 5 (2002) 80 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total:
9

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
total:
71

over 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
15

914 to 1,523 m:
22

under 914 m:
32 (2000 est.)
Area total: 12,173 sq km


land: 12,173 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
total:
678,500 sq km

land:
657,740 sq km

water:
20,760 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut slightly smaller than Texas
Background Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. Despite multiparty elections in 1990 that resulted in the main opposition party winning a decisive victory, the military junta ruling the country refused to hand over power. Key opposition leader and Nobel Peace Prize recipient AUNG San Suu Kyi, under house arrest from 1989 to 1995, was again placed under house detention in September 2000; her supporters are routinely harassed or jailed.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population 20.13 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $66.2 million


expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
revenues:
$7.9 billion

expenditures:
$12.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.7 billion (FY96/97)
Capital Stanley Rangoon (regime refers to the capital as Yangon)
Climate cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)
Coastline 1,288 km 1,930 km
Constitution 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988); national convention started on 9 January 1993 to draft a new constitution; progress has since been stalled
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
conventional long form:
Union of Burma

conventional short form:
Burma

local long form:
Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar)

local short form:
Myanma Naingngandaw

former:
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
Currency Falkland pound (FKP) kyat (MMK)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population 12.3 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $6 billion (FY99/00 est.)
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) chief of mission:
Permanent Charge d'Affaires Priscilla A. CLAPP

embassy:
581 Merchant Street, Rangoon (GPO 521)

mailing address:
Box B, APO AP 96546

telephone:
[95] (1) 282055, 282182

FAX:
[95] (1) 280409
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) chief of mission:
Ambassador-designate U LINN MYAING

chancery:
2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-9044

FAX:
[1] (202) 332-9046

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force sporadic border hostilities with Thailand over border alignment and ethnic Shan rebels operating in cross-border region
Economic aid - recipient none $99 million (FY98/99)
Economy - overview The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. Burma has a mixed economy with private activity dominant in agriculture, light industry, and transport, and with substantial state-controlled activity, mainly in energy, heavy industry, and the rice trade. Government policy in the 1990s has aimed at revitalizing the economy after three decades of tight central planning. Private activity markedly increased in the early to mid-1990s, but began to decline in the past several years due to frustrations with the unfriendly business environment and political pressure from western nations. Published estimates of Burma's foreign trade are greatly understated because of the volume of black-market, illicit, and border trade. A major ongoing problem is the failure to achieve monetary and fiscal stability. Burma remains a poor Asian country and living standards for the majority have not improved over the past decade. Short-term growth will continue to be restrained because of poor government planning and minimal foreign investment.
Electricity - consumption 15.19 million kWh (2001) 4.476 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 16.33 million kWh (2001) 4.813 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel:
68.56%

hydro:
31.44%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
lowest point:
Andaman Sea 0 m

highest point:
Hkakabo Razi 5,881 m
Environment - current issues overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups British Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5%
Exchange rates Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound kyats per US dollar - official rate - 6.5972 (January 2001), 6.5167 (2000), 6.2858 (1999), 6.3432 (1998), 6.2418 (1997), 5.9176 (1996); kyats per US dollar - black market exchange rate - 435 (yearend 2000)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA)


cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
Prime Minister and Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992); note - the prime minister is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
Prime Minister and Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992); note - the prime minister is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
State Peace and Development Council (SPDC); military junta, so named 15 November 1997, which initially assumed power 18 September 1988 under the name State Law and Order Restoration Council; the SPDC oversees the cabinet

elections:
none; the prime minister assumed power upon resignation of the former prime minister
Exports NA (2001) $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities wool, hides, meat apparel 36%, foodstuffs 22%, wood products 21%, precious stones 5% (1999)
Exports - partners Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002) India 13%, Singapore 11%, China 11%, US 8% (1999 est.)

note:
official trade statistics do not include trade in illicit goods - such as narcotics, teak, and gems - or the largely unrecorded border trade with China and Thailand
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 April - 31 March
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions
GDP purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $63.7 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
42%

industry:
17%

services:
41% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 4.9% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 51 45 S, 59 00 W 22 00 N, 98 00 E
Geography - note deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 440 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 390 km (2002)
total:
28,200 km

paved:
3,440 km

unpaved:
24,760 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
2.8%

highest 10%:
32.4% (1998)
Illicit drugs - world's second largest producer of illicit opium, after Afghanistan (potential production in 1999 - 1,090 metric tons, down 38% due to drought; cultivation in 1999 - 89,500 hectares, a 31% decline from 1998); surrender of drug warlord KHUN SA's Mong Tai Army in January 1996 was hailed by Rangoon as a major counternarcotics success, but lack of government will and ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; becoming a major source of methamphetamine for regional consumption
Imports NA (2001) $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing machinery, transport equipment, construction materials, food products
Imports - partners UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002) Singapore 28%, Thailand 12%, China 10%, Japan 10%, South Korea 9% (1999 est.)
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) 4 January 1948 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries fish and wool processing; tourism agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer
Infant mortality rate total: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
73.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.6% (1998) 18% (1999)
International organization participation ICFTU ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 1

note:
as of September 2000, Internet connections were legal only for the government, tourist offices, and a few large businesses (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 10,680 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not independent of the executive
Labor force 1,100 (est.) 19.7 million (FY98/99 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) agriculture 65%, industry 10%, services 25% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
5,876 km

border countries:
Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
arable land:
15%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
49%

other:
34% (1993 est.)
Languages English Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages
Legal system English common law has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor


elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
unicameral People's Assembly or Pyithu Hluttaw (485 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NLD 392, SNLD 23, NUP 10, other 60
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
total population:
55.16 years

male:
53.73 years

female:
56.68 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
83.1%

male:
88.7%

female:
77.7% (1995 est.)

note:
these are official statistics; estimates of functional literacy are likely closer to 30% (1999 est.)
Location Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand
Map references South America Southeast Asia
Maritime claims continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total:
37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 411,181 GRT/632,769 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 11, cargo 20, container 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 2

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Japan 2 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK -
Military branches British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA $39 million (FY97/98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 2.1% (FY97/98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
12,050,964

females age 15-49:
12,070,017

note:
both sexes liable for military service (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
6,425,514

females age 15-49:
6,419,677 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
470,667

females:
479,691 (2001 est.)
National holiday Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) Independence Day, 4 January (1948)
Nationality noun: Falkland Islander(s)


adjective: Falkland Island
noun:
Burmese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Burmese
Natural hazards strong winds persist throughout the year destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts
Natural resources fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population -1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 1,343 km; natural gas 330 km
Political parties and leaders none; all independents National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman, AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP (proregime) [THA KYAW]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [U KHUN TUN OO]; Union Solidarity and Development Association or USDA (proregime, a social and political organization) [THAN AUNG, general secretary]; and other smaller parties
Political pressure groups and leaders none All Burma Student Democratic Front or ABSDF; Kachin Independence Army or KIA; Karen National Union or KNU; National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma or NCGUB [Dr. SEIN WIN] consists of individuals legitimately elected to the People's Assembly but not recognized by the military regime; the group fled to a border area and joined with insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government; several Shan factions; United Wa State Army or UWSA
Population 2,967 (July 2003 est.) 41,994,678

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 23% (1997 est.)
Population growth rate 2.44% (2003 est.) 0.6% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Stanley


note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988
Bassein, Bhamo, Chauk, Mandalay, Moulmein, Myitkyina, Rangoon, Akyab (Sittwe), Tavoy
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios - 4.2 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
3,991 km

narrow gauge:
3,991 km 1.000-m gauge
Religions primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, animist 1%, other 2%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
general assessment:
meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government; international service is good

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use NA 250,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 8,492 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)


note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
2 (1998)
Terrain rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman 2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate full employment; labor shortage 7.1% (official FY97/98 est.)
Waterways none 12,800 km

note:
3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels
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